Your target A1C goal may vary depending on your age and various other factors. During these visits, the provider will check your A1C levels. You'll regularly visit your provider to talk about managing your diabetes. The presence of ketones - byproducts from the breakdown of fat - in your urine also suggests type 1 diabetes, rather than type 2. The tests help your provider decide between type 1 and type 2 diabetes when the diagnosis isn't certain. These will check for autoantibodies that are common in type 1 diabetes. If you're diagnosed with diabetes, your provider may also run blood tests. If it's 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L) or higher on two separate tests, you have diabetes. A fasting blood sugar level from 100 to 125 mg/dL (5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L) is considered prediabetes. A fasting blood sugar level less than 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) is healthy. A blood sample will be taken after you don't eat (fast) overnight. No matter when you last ate, a random blood sugar level of 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or higher suggests diabetes. Blood sugar values are expressed in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or millimoles per liter (mmol/L). A blood sample will be taken at a random time and may be confirmed by additional tests. Ochs’ abstract titled, “Assessing Continuous Glucose Monitor Alarm Use by Families of Children with Diabetes” was selected out of thousands of submissions and recognized by the Endocrine Society for her study’s significance to the diabetes community.If the A1C test isn't available, or if you have certain conditions that can make the A1C test inaccurate - such as pregnancy or an uncommon form of hemoglobin (hemoglobin variant) - your provider may use these tests: More than 7,000 attendees joined the event to engage with peers at the top global meeting on endocrinology research and clinical care. Ochs also recently presented her research at the Endocrine Society’s annual meeting, ENDO 2023 in Chicago, Illinois. Ochs’ research project was funded with support from the Short-Term Training Program in Biomedical Sciences Grant T35 HL 110854 from the National Institutes of Health. “I hope my research brings extra awareness to the importance of proper CGM use for families with diabetes so more young patients are better prepared to use their devices safely and correctly." “As a type 1 diabetic for 13 years and a CGM user myself, I am passionate about helping other people with diabetes have more comfortable lives,” said Ochs. The differences in CGM alert use between age groups as well as by insulin delivery methods may indicate opportunities to optimize alarm use. The wide variability of observed alarm settings indicates likely educational gaps in CGM onboarding and use. Furthermore, children using insulin pumps and patients under the age of 12 were more likely to employ alarms. Only 87 percent of the study participants had set low alarm alerts, and 73 percent had set high alarm alerts. The results showed that patients use a large range of alarm settings and cutoffs, many of which differ significantly from recommended values. Fixing these gaps could help kids with diabetes better control their glucose levels and overall health.” “Our findings show that there might be some areas where patients and caregivers need more guidance and training to use CGMs and their alarms correctly. “This study sheds light on the variability of real-time CGM alarms in pediatric populations,” said Ochs. Her research identified significant gaps in the proper use of CGM alarms by children and teenagers with diabetes. Ochs’ study addressed this gap in knowledge by using device summaries and describing trends in alarm use from 150 patients who used Dexcom G6 continuous glucose monitoring devices. Victoria Ochs, an Indiana University School of Medicine student focused on diabetes clinical research, collaborated with the Pediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology group at Riley Hospital for Children to learn more about young patients’ device habits. However, there is limited data on how real-time CGM alarms are used by a large clinical pediatric population. Ensuring accurate settings are in place helps alert patients to dangerously low or high blood sugar levels. Individuals living with diabetes use CGMs to stay alert about impending glucose changes by using appropriate alarm settings. Despite their popularity and evolving technologies, CGMs still require daily device upkeep and management, which can be especially burdensome for young patients. Nearly 25 years later, CGMs have revolutionized diabetes management and are used by millions of patients with the disease. Food and Drug Administration approved the first professional device used by diabetes patients for reading blood glucose levels continuously via an apparatus known as a continuous glucose monitor (CGM).
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